Business in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business in setting - Essay Example China’s GDP development was 9.9% in the year 2005 and as per World Bank, China’s anticipated development rates from 2005â€2009 was 8%. China was one of the top beneficiaries among creating nations which had inflow of around 72 billion USD in 2005. While China had encountered effectively high development rate, India’s development rate was around 4% per annum. As indicated by World Bank, India’s development rate was around 8.3% - 9.2% after 2003. Along these lines, both the nations are moderately alluring for British organizations (Homlong and Springler, 2009). India’s Business Relation with the UK India’s connection with the UK has fortified as to business. The two nations have kept up a sound relationship, for quite a long while, in term of fare and import and business relationship. In entire European locale, the UK is biggest colleague of India and contrasted with the entire world, the UK is fifth biggest colleague of India. The import an d fare among UK and India had expanded by 20% in the year 2005, for example ?7.9 billion. The UK’s fare to India had expanded by 21.3% in the year 2005. ... This organization has 4 specialty units which are the UK business, International Business, Retailing Services and Non â€food. Roughly 4 million shirts and vests were sold in Tesco’s Indian stores, which accounted 40% of Tesco’s import in the year 2004. Tesco give minimal effort and quality items in India. Tesco supplies materials worth 72 million USD every year. In the year 2004, the company’s income from India was around 67.5 million USD (Tesco, 2005). Engaging quality in India India’s minimal effort advantage for sourcing modest however quality items is the significant explanation behind pulling in business. Tesco sources around 72 million USD of materials from India every year. Tesco has understood that India’s significant quality is their accessibility of gifted and taught work with minimal effort. This is the purpose behind Tesco’s fruitful business in India (Tesco, 2005). Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey is a UK organization which man ages pharmaceutical materials, valuable metals and impetuses. It is one of the main organizations in prevalent material innovation. It has two divisions in India which are Catalyst and Ceramic. The organization is making vehicle emanation impetuses in India since 1998. For Johnson Matthey, India is a key base for trade. Around 75% of impetuses and advancements item are traded from Johnson Matthey (Johnson Matthey, 2005). Appeal in India India’s significant engaging quality is gifted and taught labor, which is accessible at serious expense than some other nations. It causes organizations to set up assembling unit in India and work at less fixed expenses. The other significant angle is India’s likely market. The vehicle market of India is developing quickly which thus is an incredible open door for Johnson Matthey. The organization saw that

The Roman King L. Tarquinius Priscus According to Livy

The Roman King L. Tarquinius Priscus According to Livy Like the rules of the rulers of Rome who went before L. Tarquinius Priscus (Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullius Ostilius, and Ancus Marcius), and the individuals who tailed him (Servius Tullius, and L. Tarquinius Superbus), the rule of the Roman King L. Tarquinius Priscus is covered in legend. The Story of Tarquinius Priscus According to Livy An Ambitious CoupleProud Tanaquil, destined to one of the foremost Etruscan families in Tarquinii (an Etrurian city northwest of Rome) was discontent with her rich spouse, Lucumo not with her better half as a man, however with his societal position. On his moms side, Lucumo was Etruscan, yet he was likewise the child of an outsider, a Corinthian respectable and outcast named Demaratus. Lucumo concurred with Tanaquil that their societal position would be upgraded in the event that they moved to another city, similar to Rome, where economic wellbeing wasnt yet estimated by parentage. Their arrangements for the future appeared to have divine gift or so thought Tanaquil, a lady prepared in any event simple crafts of Etruscan divination,* for she deciphered the sign of a bird diving down to put a top on Lucumos head as the divine beings choice of her better half as a lord. After entering the city of Rome, Lucumo took the name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. His riches and conduct made Tarquin significant companions, including the lord, Ancus, who, in his will, designated Tarquin watchman of his youngsters. Ancus administered for twenty-four years, during which time his children nearly grew up. After Ancus kicked the bucket, Tarquin, going about as a watchman, sent the young men on a chasing trip, leaving him allowed to campaign for votes. Effective, Tarquin convinced the individuals of Rome that he was the best decision for ruler. * According to Iain McDougall, this is the main genuinely Etruscan quality Livy makes reference to regarding Tanaquil. Divination was a keeps an eye on occupation, however ladies could have taken in certain regular essential signs. Tanaquil may some way or another be seen as a lady of the Augustan age. The Legacy of L. Tarquinius Priscus - Part ITo collect political help, Tarquin made 100 new congresspersons. At that point he battled against the Latins. He took their town of Apiolae and, to pay tribute to the triumph, began the Ludi Romani (Roman Games), which comprised of boxing and pony dashing. Tarquin set apart out for the Games the recognize that turned into the Circus Maximus. He likewise settled review spots, or fori (discussion), for the patricians and knights. ExpansionThe Sabines before long assaulted Rome. The primary fight finished in a draw, yet after Tarquin expanded the Roman rangers he vanquished the Sabines and constrained an unequivocal acquiescence of Collatia. The ruler asked, Have you been sent as emissaries and chiefs by the individuals of Collatia to make the acquiescence of yourselves and the individuals of Collatia? We have. Also, is the individuals of Collatia a free people? It is. Do you give up into my capacity and that of the People of Rome yourselves, and the individuals of Collatia, your city, lands, water, limits, sanctuaries, hallowed vessels everything celestial and human? We do give up them. At that point I acknowledge them.Livy Book I Chapter: 38 Before long he put his focus on Latium. Individually, the towns yielded. The Legacy of L. Tarquinius Priscus - Part IIEven before the Sabine War, he had begun to strengthen Rome with a stone divider, Now that he found a sense of contentment he proceeded. In territories where water couldnt channel he manufactured waste frameworks to exhaust into the Tiber. Child in-lawTanaquil deciphered another sign for her significant other. A kid who may have been a slave was dozing when flares encompassed his head. Rather than drenching him with water, she demanded he be left immaculate until he woke willingly. At the point when he did, the flares vanished. Tanaquil disclosed to her better half that the kid, Servius Tullius would be a light to us in a tough situation and perplexity, and an insurance to our tottering house. From that point on, Servius was raised as their own and in time was given Tarquins little girl as spouse a definite sign that he was the favored replacement. This maddened the children of Ancus. They calculated the chances of their triumphant the seat were more noteworthy if Tarquin were dead than Servius, so they contrived and did Tarquins death. With Tarquin dead from a hatchet through the head, Tanaquil formulated an arrangement. She would deny to the open that her better half was mortally injured while Servius would carry on as the ruler expert temp, claiming to talk with Tarquin on different issues. This arrangement worked for some time. In time, word spread of Tarquins demise. In any case, at this point Servius was at that point in charge. Servius was the principal lord of Rome who was not chosen. Lords of Rome 753-715 Romulus715-673 Numa Pompilius673-642 Tullus Hostilius642-617 Ancus Marcius616-579 L. Tarquinius Priscus578-535 Servius Tullius (Reforms)534-510 L. Tarquinius Superbus

Finding the Best Paper Writing Service Reviews

Finding the Best Paper Writing Service ReviewsThere are many websites and online forums in which you can learn the best way to choose the best paper writing service. Many people find these websites helpful when it comes to choosing a paper writing service. These are also perfect places to seek help from experienced writers to gain information. However, if you are looking for more detailed information about any paper writing company, then you can always go to the website of the Better Business Bureau.It is only after you have spent a lot of time researching about paper writing service providers that you will be able to come up with a good list of providers. If you want to make sure that you are receiving quality services at an affordable price, then it is important to learn what each provider has to offer. This is where the best paper writing service reviews come in.Before going to get a list of the best paper writing service providers, you need to start by going through the website o f the Better Business Bureau. This website contains all the information that you will need in order to find out about the reliability of the service provider. The BBB keeps track of the latest news about complaints and other issues that have been raised by customers about the paper writing service. In this way, you will be able to decide which company is best for your paper writing needs.You can also ask your friends, relatives, or colleagues who are currently using the paper writing service to tell you about the good things that they have received from them. The better the experience, the better the opinion of the person or the company will be. In this way, you will be able to get better results with the provider.Other than that, it is important that you go through the paper writing service reviews before you actually sign up for their services. As a matter of fact, it is easy to find out which providers are doing well in the market. If you visit some review sites, you will be able to get a better idea about the status of the paper writing services.The best way to learn about this is to participate in different online forums. There are many forums available that cater to different types of topics, including those related to this field. Since there are so many of these forums on the internet, you can usually find one that you can participate in. In addition, you will also get the chance to get a better understanding about how things work in the paper writing industry.You should keep in mind that if you want to gain the best results, then you should do some research on paper writing service providers. In this way, you will be able to choose the best provider for your paper writing needs. With this, you will also be able to stay away from getting scammed by unscrupulous companies.With the help of the paper writing service reviews, you will be able to determine which providers are best for your needs. It is important that you learn about paper writing service pro viders, so that you will be able to get a better understanding about the paper writing industry. It is also important to be cautious in the selection of any paper writing service.

The Lord of the Flies by William Golding - 1306 Words

In The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards their desires, including hunting pigs and engaging in dance and chant rituals. The protagonist, Ralph, a charismatic and natural leader, clashes against the antagonist, Jack, a power-hungry, malicious boy. Ralph leads with example, and honors order while focusing on survival, while Jack leads a free-for-all life, and is an impulsive and chaotic savage. Each boy has a close and intimate group of boys, Ralph’s being Piggy, who is â€Å"basically ineffectual without Ralph† (Telgen 179) , and Jack’s being the choir. When order and civilization is no longer apparent, even the most moralistic of the boys begin to descend into savagery. A full identification and explanation of the major conflicts of Ralph versus Jack and good versus evil are mandatory to prove Golding’s central theory that man’s descent into savagery is caused directly by a lack of order. Initially, Ralph and Jack’s dynamic and tumultuous relationship goes to explain how savagery will take its roots in civilization without a constantShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as they have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ral ph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link togetherRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding962 Words   |  4 PagesBischof Language Arts 10 11 December, 2015 In William Golding s Lord of the Flies, Golding uses the theme of human nature to show how easily society can collapse, and how self-destructive human nature is. Throughout the story Golding conveys a theme of how obscured and horrible human nature can lead us to be. Many different parts of human nature can all lead to the destruction of society. A few of the concepts of basic human nature that Golding included in the book are destruction, and panic

The Staple Of The Average American Psyche Essay - 1366 Words

PC culture. The staple of the average American psyche! We hate it when it s inconvenient, but we love it when it s on OUR side. Americans on the left and right of the political spectrum will disagree, but it s only because they re too embarrassed and prideful to accept such a reality. Conservatives will refer to opposers of their views as SJW (social justice warrior), libtard, retard, cuck, PC libtard-cuck, and other variations of the terms combined. Especially when they deal with backlash for racially-charged or apathetic comments that tend to ignore history or specific amendments listed within our Bill of Rights. It s intriguing since they ve developed the habit of criticizing people on the left for using so-called buzzwords such as racist, sexist, etc. The KKK protested in front of the NAACP for White rights? Get over it, you PC cucks! is how they respond to the uproar from people who are social liberals, or anyone who might understand the irony of doing such a thing since the NAA CP was founded BY Caucasian-Americans, and the laws they fought for in this country are not exclusive to the racial minority. Furthermore, White people like Jon Everheart, a teacher in Maryland who was forced from his job by his racist African-American boss, have successfully utilized civil rights laws for their own protection from discrimination. He was awarded $350k by a jury in early August of 2014. His former boss, Angelique Simpson-Marcus, was forced toShow MoreRelatedThe Mall Of America By David Guterson Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesWith 4.2 million square feet of floor space—including twenty-two times the retail footage of the average American shopping center—the Mall of America was the largest fully enclosed combination retail and family entertainment complex in the United States. Shoppers are drawn to visit because of all the modern frills contained within. A theme park, arcade, hundreds of shops, and eateries are the staples of the mall, but the gardens, flowers, and trees define the mall as being â€Å"the best of the best;†Read More The Effects that Affirmative Action Has Had on Past and Future Endeavors of Minorities in the United States2847 Words   |  12 Pages The African American experience in the United States is one that could almost be described as irreparable. The African American debut in this country was one that started off as foul as a situation could be. The slavery experience ranks amongst some of the most inhumane eras in the history of mankind. The settlers in the colonies viewed Africans as only 3/5ths of a man and used Africans as tools, or pets, as opposed to acknowledging them as real thinking, loving, feeling human beings. AmazinglyRead MoreEssay on Buffy the Vampire Slayer5067 Words   |  21 Pagessubversive themes featur e strongly in periods of cultural insecurity. In addition to the century that separates Buffy from the Count, there has been a plethora of vampire movies and books of various merits. As a result, the late-twentieth-century average spectator knows the basic facts of vampirism. Therefore, the creators of Buffy the Vampire Slayer need to challenge their audience through another aspect of the series. Turning to their advantage what might have been a serious hindrance, they adoptRead MoreInfluence Of International Culture On The Fashion Industry7108 Words   |  29 Pages(Verdict, 2010). The amount of disposable income of individuals, the typical value opulent luxury consumer, has amplified continuously over the former decade, however, a fresh and fledgling indulgent consumer division has materialised; asset-meagre average-market buyers who are nevertheless ambitious and trade up discriminately. (Economist, 2002, 2008, 2009; Nueno and Quelch, 1998). Fashion exemplifies the paramount ratio of sales inside the luxury region, this is also regarding fragrances, cosmeticsRead MoreAn Analysis of Marketing Competitive Strategies Adopted by Hindustan Unilever Limited in Rural Area9906 Words   |  40 Pagesended Sept. 30,compared with the year earlier, according to the company. Its share of the shampoo market declined by more than a percentage point to 47.7 percent, the company said.ITC, the largest Indian cigarette maker and partly owned by British American Tobacco Plc, is also making inroads. It started selling more brands including Fiama Di Wills shampoo and Superia soaplast year as the government raised tobacco taxes. Profitable Cigarettes The tobacco maker ``has a very profitable cigarettesRead MoreEffects of Sales Promotion on Brand Loyalty, a Case Study of Globacom Nigeria Limited18316 Words   |  74 Pagesfashioning out any marketing strategy for the brand. Indeed brand loyalty has been proclaimed by some as the ultimate goal of marketing (Reicheld Sasser 1990) To underscore the importance of brand loyalty a study in the United States showed that The average United States Company loses half its customers every five years equating to 13% annual loss of customers. This statistic illustrates the challenges companies face when trying to grow in competitive environments. Achieving even 1% annual growth requiresRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagessent shock waves through the global banking system, as became increasingly clear in the following weeks. Merrill Lynch, which had not been previously thought to be in danger, sold itself to the Bank of America to avoid a similar fate. On Sept. 16, American International Group, an insurance giant on the verge of failure because of its exposure to exotic securities known as credit default swaps, was bailed out by the Fed in an $85 billion deal. Stocks dropped anyway, falling nearly 500 points. Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagess Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"MarketingRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesfame around the world, boasting converts from all races and nationalities. 2. Adherents of the faith appear to be relatively small in number. One study suggests that less than one percent of Jamaicans describe themselves as Rastafarians. Yet the average non-Jamaican assumes that Rastafarianism is the national religion of Jamaica. 3. Rastas believe that Selassie is the returned messiah, that he is Jah, or God. They believed this fully prior to his passing in 1975 and after. Many believe that Selassie

Legacy Critical Thinking and Business Cornerstone Note Essay

BA 3300 – BUSINESS CORNERSTONE NOTE: 6th edition. Assessing Sweatshirts from Sweatshop You will use the critical thinking skills you have been developing to identify violations of the Universal Intellectual Standards and Logical Fallacies in the essay, â€Å"Sweatshirts from Sweatshops† on pages 406-408 of your textbook. On pages 387-402 of your textbook, you will meet Tanya, Kevin, Elise and Dalton, Tanya encounters a series of discussions—the first with Kevin and the second with Elise and Dalton. The textbook describes how to critically assess the arguments in these discussions (Kevin and Elise and Dalton). Use these ONLY as examples for how to use critical thinking skills. In addition, you will want to review the Universal†¦show more content†¦Type your answers using MS Word with the following formatting: Maximum length is 2 pages typed, double or single spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, MS Word default margins; Divide it into two separate parts, the first being the Intellectual Standards and the second being the Fallacies. Type the sentence or phrase being questioned first and then give all the pertinent information to analyze the statements, such as the standard being violated, why, and how to fix it, or the fallacy and why it is a fallacy. This should not be written in essay format—no introduction and conclusion are necessary. You need all the space possible to be able to analyze all of them in two pages, which is the maximum number of pages allowed. Submit as an attachment via the Vista Assignment tab. EXAMPLE Part 1. Intellectual Standards 1.â€Å"In Cromwell’s alumni magazine, I read about a research study that showed that in their first two years after graduation, 78% of legacies donated a total of $100 or more to Cromwell† This violates the intellectual standard of accuracy and breadth. We do not know about the â€Å"research study† and the accuracy of its statistics. Has the study been replicated? The credibility of a single, limited study comes into question. This person only specifies one source, the Cromwell alumni magazine and it could be bias. Hope’s own position as a student and legacy herself may be affected her perspective—perhaps even determining the approach sheShow MoreRelatedCase Study on Ibm7721 Words   |  31 PagesSociety for Human Resource Management and the National Academy of Human Resources. Information presented was current as of the time the case was written. Any errors are solely the author’s. 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A person’s perception of market needs is framed by his or her own cultural experience. More than factual knowledge of Chinese culture the interpretative knowledge is very important and difficultRead MoreCloud Computing Security67046 Words   |  269 PagesSECURITY GUIDANCE FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 SECURITY GUIDANCE FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 INTRODUCTION The guidance provided herein is the third version of the Cloud Security Alliance document, â€Å"Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing,† which was originally released in April 2009. The permanent archive locations for these documents are: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v3.0.pdf (this document)Read MoreSupply Chain Management12177 Words   |  49 Pagesembodies the information systems so necessary to monitor all of these activities. 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Our model not only exposes limitations of existing theories of entrepreneurial action but also contributes to a deeper understanding of important conceptual issues, such as the nature of opportunity andRead MoreResources Capabilities20336 Words   |  82 PagesReplicating Capabilities Developing New Capabilities Approaches to Capability Development l Summary l Self-Study Questions l Appendix: Knowledge Management and the Knowledge-based View of the Firm l Notes Introduction and Objectives In Chapter 1, I noted that the focus of strategy thinking has been shifted from the external environment towards its internal environment. In this chapter, we will make the same transition. In looking within the ï ¬ rm, we will concentrate our attention on the resourcesRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesLenses The Exploring Strategy Website A Guide to Using the Video Material Exploring Strategy Teachers’ Workshops Teaching Notes for Student Work Assignments Case Study Teaching Notes 6 7 8 8 12 19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 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Dry Pasta free essay sample

The purpose I present about this topic is to introduce and help everyone to gain further knowledge about pasta. Although everyone know what is pasta, and eats pasta, but I am sure that anyone of us do not know what the actual history of pasta is. Furthermore, I will also explain the benefits of pasta, pasta shapes, recommendation of sauces for different types of pasta, and the basic way of cooking pasta. Pasta is an Italian food made from dough using flour, water and eggs. When talking about the origin of pasta, a distinction needs to be made between fresh and dry pasta. Fresh pasta is dough made of flour and water and is present in most cultures and on all continents. Dry pasta began in Italy and embarked from there to conquer the world. People have believed that Marco Polo introduced spaghetti from China to Italy, but that is incorrect. Dried pasta made without eggs can be stored for up to two years under ideal conditions, while fresh pasta will keep for a few days under refrigeration. In Italy, the dough made mostly from durum wheat or, more rarely, buckwheat flour, with water and, sometimes eggs. Pasta comes in a variety of different shapes that serve for both decoration and to act as a carrier for the different types of sauces ( puttanesca, amatriciana, carbonara, etc. ) and foods ( gnocchi, lasagna, tortellini, ravioli, etc. ). Pasta is eaten in Italy only as the first course or as â€Å"piatto unico†. WHO â€Å"INVENTED† PASTA? Popular legend has it that Marco Polo introduced pasta to Italy following his exploration of the Far East in the late 13th century; however, we can trace pasta back as far as the 4th century. But it was Thomas Jefferson who was credited with bringing the first â€Å"macaroni† machine to America in 1789 when he returned home after serving as ambassador to France. The first industrial pasta factory in America was built in Brooklyn, in 1848 by a Frenchman, who spread his spaghetti strands on the roof to dry in the sunshine. HOW IS PASTA MADE? 1) Mixing: American dry pasta is made with semolina, which is produced by grinding kernels of durum wheat. Sometimes other hard wheat are also used. The semolina is mixed with water until it forms a dough. If any other ingredients are being added to the pasta, such as eggs to make egg noodles, or spinach or tomato to make red or green colored pasta, those ingredients are added at this stage. 2) Extruding: The dough is kneaded until it reaches the correct consistency, and then it is pushed or extruded, through a die, a metal disc with holes in it. The size and shape of the holes in the die determine what the shape of the pasta will be. When the extruded pasta reaches the right length, it is cut with sharp blades that rotate beneath the die. The pasta is then sent through large dryers which circulate hot moist air to slowly dry the pasta. Because different pasta shapes vary in degrees of thickness, they dry for different lengths of time. Most take 5 or 6 hours to dry. 4) Packing: The dried pasta is then packed in bags or boxes. Some of the more fragile pasta shapes, such as lasagna and manicotti, are often packed by hand to protect them from breaking. HOW DO YOU COOK PASTA PERFECTLY EVERYTIME? 1) Boil 4 to 6 quarts of salted water for one pound of dry pasta 2) Add pasta with a stir and return water to a boil. 3) Stir the pasta occasionally during cooking. If the pasta is to be used as part of a dish that requires further cooking, undercook the pasta by 1/3 of the cooking time. 5) Taste the pasta to determine if it is done. Perfectly cooked pasta should be â€Å"al dente†, or firm to the bite. 6) Drain pasta immediately and follow the rest of the recipe, remembering to use a small amount of the water when adding to the sauce to allow for proper coverage on the pasta. Today, manufacturers have introduced nutritionally enhanced pasta varieties such as whole wheat (more difficult to cook â€Å"al dente†) whole grain and pasta fortified with omega-3 fatty acids and additional fiber. Some varieties of whole grain pasta can provide up to 25% of daily fiber requirements in a one cup portion. There are now more options than ever for consumers to enjoy healthy and economical meals every palate can appreciate depending which type or shape. Considering these facts, it’s not hard to see why pasta has been around for centuries and probably will be for many more. There are hundreds of different shapes of pasta with at least locally recognized names. The following is an attachment, listing some of the most popular shapes listed in order from A-Z as downloaded from the National Pasta Association’s website.